Over 37% of cancer cases worldwide are preventable: WHO study
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for millions of lives lost every year. The disease is often perceived as inevitable, with many people believing that it is solely a matter of genetic predisposition or bad luck. However, a new study by the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed that over 37% of cancer cases worldwide are linked to modifiable risk factors, meaning that they can be prevented through lifestyle changes, vaccination, and stronger public health policies.
The study, which analyzed data from around the world, identified tobacco, alcohol, air pollution, infections, high body mass index (BMI), and physical inactivity as major causes of cancer. These risk factors are responsible for a significant proportion of cancer cases, and addressing them could lead to a substantial reduction in the number of people diagnosed with the disease.
Tobacco is one of the most significant risk factors for cancer, responsible for over 20% of cancer deaths worldwide. Smoking and the use of other tobacco products can cause a range of cancers, including lung, throat, and mouth cancer. The WHO study found that tobacco use is responsible for over 1.5 million cancer deaths every year, making it the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths.
Alcohol is another major risk factor for cancer, responsible for over 10% of cancer deaths worldwide. Drinking alcohol can increase the risk of several types of cancer, including breast, liver, and colon cancer. The WHO study found that alcohol use is responsible for over 500,000 cancer deaths every year, making it a significant contributor to the global cancer burden.
Air pollution is also a major risk factor for cancer, particularly in urban areas where air quality is often poor. The WHO study found that air pollution is responsible for over 200,000 cancer deaths every year, making it a significant contributor to the global cancer burden. Infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, are also major risk factors for cancer, responsible for over 10% of cancer deaths worldwide.
High body mass index (BMI) and physical inactivity are also significant risk factors for cancer. The WHO study found that being overweight or obese increases the risk of several types of cancer, including breast, colon, and kidney cancer. Physical inactivity is also a major risk factor, as it can increase the risk of several types of cancer, including colon and breast cancer.
The good news is that many of these risk factors can be addressed through lifestyle changes, vaccination, and stronger public health policies. For example, quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption can significantly reduce the risk of cancer. Vaccination against HPV and hepatitis B can also prevent many cases of cancer. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active can reduce the risk of several types of cancer.
The WHO study highlights the importance of public health policies in reducing the burden of cancer. Governments and health organizations can play a critical role in reducing the number of cancer cases by implementing policies that promote healthy lifestyles and reduce exposure to carcinogens. For example, governments can implement tobacco control policies, such as taxation and public education campaigns, to reduce tobacco use. They can also implement policies to reduce air pollution, such as increasing the use of renewable energy and improving public transportation.
In conclusion, the WHO study highlights the significant proportion of cancer cases that can be prevented through lifestyle changes, vaccination, and stronger public health policies. By addressing modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco, alcohol, air pollution, infections, high BMI, and physical inactivity, we can reduce the number of people diagnosed with cancer and save millions of lives. It is essential that governments, health organizations, and individuals work together to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce exposure to carcinogens.
The study’s findings have significant implications for public health policy and practice. They highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention, one that addresses the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health. By working together, we can create a world where fewer people are diagnosed with cancer, and more people can live long, healthy lives.
Source:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04219-7
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