Over 37% of cancer cases worldwide are preventable: WHO study
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for millions of lives lost each year. The disease is often associated with genetic factors, but a new study by the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed that a significant proportion of cancer cases can be prevented through lifestyle changes and stronger public health policies. According to the analysis, over 37% of cancer cases worldwide are linked to modifiable risk factors, highlighting the importance of prevention and early intervention in reducing the global cancer burden.
The study, which was recently published, identified several major causes of cancer that can be prevented or reduced through modifications in lifestyle and environmental factors. These include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, air pollution, infections, high body mass index (BMI), and physical inactivity. Researchers emphasized that millions of cancer cases could be prevented each year if individuals and governments take action to address these risk factors.
Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide, accounting for over 20% of cancer cases. The WHO has long recognized the dangers of tobacco use, and has implemented various measures to reduce its consumption. These include taxation, public education campaigns, and bans on tobacco advertising. However, despite these efforts, tobacco use remains a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where tobacco control laws are often weaker.
Alcohol consumption is another significant risk factor for cancer, particularly for certain types of cancer such as liver, breast, and colorectal cancer. The WHO recommends that adults limit their alcohol intake to no more than two drinks per day, and that pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions abstain from alcohol altogether. However, many people exceed these limits, and alcohol-related cancer cases are expected to rise in the coming years unless effective prevention measures are put in place.
Air pollution is also a major cause of cancer, particularly in urban areas where pollution levels are often highest. The WHO has established air quality guidelines to reduce the health impacts of air pollution, but many cities around the world still exceed these limits. Individuals can take steps to reduce their exposure to air pollution, such as wearing masks, using air purifiers, and avoiding heavily polluted areas. However, governments and industries must also take action to reduce emissions and improve air quality.
Infections are another significant risk factor for cancer, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare and vaccination programs may be limited. Certain infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, can increase the risk of cancer, and vaccination programs have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of these cancers. The WHO recommends that all girls and boys be vaccinated against HPV, and that adults be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
High body mass index (BMI) and physical inactivity are also significant risk factors for cancer, particularly for certain types of cancer such as breast, colon, and kidney cancer. The WHO recommends that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, and that they maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of cancer by making healthy lifestyle choices, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.
The WHO study highlights the importance of prevention and early intervention in reducing the global cancer burden. By addressing modifiable risk factors and implementing stronger public health policies, millions of cancer cases could be prevented each year. Governments, industries, and individuals must work together to reduce the risk of cancer and improve health outcomes for all.
In conclusion, the WHO study provides a stark reminder of the importance of prevention and early intervention in reducing the global cancer burden. By addressing modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, air pollution, infections, high BMI, and physical inactivity, we can prevent millions of cancer cases each year. It is our collective responsibility to take action and reduce the risk of cancer, and to work towards a healthier and more equitable world for all.
News Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04219-7
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