Common chemical used in plastics can feminise males & masculinise females, study finds
The world of plastics has been a cornerstone of modern convenience, from packaging to consumer products. However, the chemicals used in the production of these plastics have come under scrutiny for their potential impact on human health. One such chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA), has been a subject of interest for researchers due to its widespread use and potential effects on the human body. A recent study published in the journal Communications Medicine has shed new light on the effects of BPA on the development of males and females, particularly in the context of metabolism and immune system development.
The study, which was conducted on animal models, found that exposure to small amounts of BPA before birth can cause sex-specific changes in metabolism and the immune system. The researchers discovered that even very low doses of BPA can alter the expression of genes, leading to feminization of males and masculinization of females. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of the impact of environmental chemicals on human development and health.
The effects of BPA on males and females
The study’s first author noted that the effects of BPA on males and females were strikingly different. “Even very low doses changed how the genes were expressed. Females were masculinised and males were feminised,” they said. This suggests that BPA exposure can have a profound impact on the development of sex-specific traits, potentially leading to changes in behavior, physiology, and disease susceptibility.
The feminization of males, for example, could lead to changes in reproductive development, such as reduced sperm count or altered testicular function. On the other hand, the masculinization of females could result in changes to ovarian function, menstrual cycles, or even an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). These changes could have long-term consequences for reproductive health, fertility, and overall well-being.
The mechanism of BPA’s effects
So, how does BPA exert its effects on males and females? The study suggests that BPA can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, mimicking the effects of the female sex hormone estrogen. This can lead to changes in gene expression, particularly in the development of the brain, reproductive system, and immune system.
In females, BPA exposure can lead to an increase in androgen receptors, which are typically associated with male development. This can result in the masculinization of females, with changes to behavior, physiology, and disease susceptibility. In males, BPA exposure can lead to a decrease in androgen receptors, resulting in feminization.
Implications for human health
The findings of this study have significant implications for human health, particularly in the context of environmental exposure to BPA. While the study was conducted on animal models, the results suggest that similar effects could occur in humans. This is particularly concerning, given the widespread use of BPA in plastics, food packaging, and other consumer products.
The study’s authors note that the effects of BPA are likely to be most pronounced during critical periods of development, such as fetal development or early childhood. This highlights the need for pregnant women and young children to be particularly cautious about exposure to BPA-containing products.
Reducing exposure to BPA
So, what can be done to reduce exposure to BPA? The study’s authors recommend avoiding the use of plastics and food packaging that contain BPA, particularly during pregnancy and early childhood. This can include:
- Avoiding the use of plastic water bottles and food containers
- Choosing BPA-free alternatives for food packaging and storage
- Avoiding the use of microwavable plastics, which can leach BPA into food
- Choosing glass or stainless steel containers for food and drink
Additionally, policymakers and regulatory agencies can play a crucial role in reducing exposure to BPA. This can include banning the use of BPA in food packaging and consumer products, or implementing stricter regulations on the use of BPA in manufacturing.
Conclusion
The study’s findings highlight the need for greater awareness and action on the potential health effects of BPA. While the study was conducted on animal models, the results suggest that similar effects could occur in humans. By reducing exposure to BPA and implementing stricter regulations on its use, we can help to protect human health and prevent the potential feminization of males and masculinization of females.
As the study’s first author noted, “Even very low doses changed how the genes were expressed. Females were masculinised and males were feminised.” This finding has significant implications for our understanding of the impact of environmental chemicals on human development and health. By taking action to reduce exposure to BPA, we can help to ensure a healthier future for generations to come.
News source: https://www.uu.se/en/news/2025/2025-10-27-bisphenol-a-causes-sex-specific-changes-in-metabolism-and-the-immune-system
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